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Preparation of reverse osmosis membrane with high permselectivity and anti-biofouling properties for desalination

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1497-0

摘要：

• Nanoparticle incorporation and anti-biofouling grafting were integrated.

关键词： Anti-biofouling grafting Nanoparticle incorporation Sterilization rates Water flux Water flux recovery

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Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed

ZHANG Rongshe, LI Guanghe, ZHANG Xu, ZHOU Qi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 89-93 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0002-3

摘要： Nitrogen removal of wetlands under 40 different inflow loadings were studied in the field during 15 months. The removal efficiency of four different sets of beds, namely the reed bed, the Zizania caduciflor bed, the mixing planting bed, and the control bed were studied. The outflow loading and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of these beds under different inflow loadings and pollution loadings were investigated. The inflow loadings of 4 sub-surface flow systems (SFS) ranged from 400 to 8000 mg·(m·d), while outflow loadings were less than 7000 mg·(m·d). The results showed that the inflow and outflow loading of TN removal rate in SFS presented an obvious linear relationship. The optical inflow loading to run the system was between 2000 to 4000 mg·(m·d). Average removal rate was between 1062 and 2007 mg·(m·d). SFS with plant had a better removal rate than the control. TN removal rates of the reed and Zizania caduciflora bed were 63% and 27% higher than the control bed, respectively. The results regarding the TN absorption of plants indicated that the absorption amount was very limited, less than 5% of the total removal. It proved that plants clearly increase TN removal rates by improving the water flow, and increasing the biomass, as well as activities of microorganisms around the roots. The research provided a perspective for understanding the TN removal mechanism and design for SFS.

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重庆市男性绝育术后并发症市级鉴定情况分析

李川海,马明福,杨皓,周署平

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 110-112

摘要：

2012—2013年根据国家卫生和计划生育委员会发布的《计划生育手术并发症鉴定管理办法（试行）》和《计划生育手术并发症鉴定分级标准（试行）》，通过填写重庆市统一的计划生育手术并发症鉴定申请表，对重庆市部分区（县）进行了计划生育手术并发症鉴定，并对市级鉴定情况进行了探讨。结果表明：2012—2013 年申请男性绝育术后并发症市级鉴定的56 例中，符合男性绝育术后并发症的有10 例，占申请人数的25.2 %；自述症状中有25 例与男性绝育术后并发症无关，占44.64 %；符合男性绝育术后并发症的都是20 世纪90 年代以前进行的绝育术。因此，男性绝育术后并发症鉴定应严格执行鉴定标准，做到公平、公开、公正，应做好男性绝育术相关知识的宣传，加强对老年病科普知识的宣传，并加强计划生育技术服务队伍的建设。

关键词：男性绝育术并发症市级鉴定技术服务

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Microbial community dynamics at high organic loading rates revealed by pyrosequencing during sugar refinery

Liguo Zhang, Qiaoying Ban, Jianzheng Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1045-8

摘要：

High strength sugar refinery wastewater was treated in a mesophilic UASB.

Pyrosequencing reveals microbial community succession with OLR increase.

Diversity of microbial communities in OLR12 is much higher than those in OLR36 and OLR54.0 kgCOD/(kg VSS·d).

Fermentative bacteria could deal with increasing OLR through the increase of microbial diversity and quantity.

Hydrogen-producing acotogens and methanogens mainly coped with high OLR shocks by increasing the quantity of community

关键词： Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket Sugar refinery wastewater Organic loading rate Pyrosequencing Microbial community structure

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new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different irrigation rates

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant soybean water deficit leaf gas exchange enzymes activities water consumption seed yield

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Correlation between serum miR-154-5p and urinary albumin excretion rates in patients with type 2 diabetes

Huiwen Ren, Can Wu, Ying Shao, Shuang Liu, Yang Zhou, Qiuyue Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 642-650 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0719-3

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum miR-154-5p and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the association with biomarkers of inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A total of 390 patients with T2DM were divided into three groups: normal albuminuria (UACR<30 mg/g, =136, NA), microalbuminuria (UACR at 30–300 mg/g, =132, MA), and clinical albuminuria (UACR>300 mg/g, =122, CA). Circulating miR-154-5p, inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and fibrotic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1); and fibronectin (FN)), and other biochemical indicators were assessed via real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and chemiluminescence assay in patients with T2DM and 138 control subjects (NC). UACR, miR-154-5p, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ESR, CRP, VEGF, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and FN were significantly higher and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower in NA, MA, and CA groups than in NC subjects ( <0.05). Elevated levels of UACR and miR-154-5p were directly correlated with HbA1c, sCr, BUN, ESR, CRP, VEGF, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and FN and negatively correlated with eGFR ( <0.05). miR-154-5p, HbA1c, sCr, BUN, eGFR, ESR, CRP, VEGF, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and FN were important factors affecting UACR. These findings indicated that elevated serum miR-154-5p is significantly correlated with high UACR in patients with T2DM and may offer a novel reference for the early diagnosis of DKD.

关键词： type 2 diabetes mellitus diabetic kidney disease miR-154-5p urinary albumin to creatinine ratio

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中国火灾与社会经济因素的关系

杨立中,江大白

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 62-67

摘要：

对中国的火灾统计数据与社会经济数据之间的关系进行了研究，发现中国火灾与社会经济因素的关系和国外相反:中国的火灾形势在经济越发达的地方越严重，并且随着经济的发展更趋严重。讨论了火灾与经济水平及教育水平的关系，提出了火灾和经济的更为全面的关系，即随着经济的发展，火灾形势是先严重后趋缓和。根据所讨论的结果对中国未来一段时期的火灾情况做出了一些预测。

关键词：火灾社会经济因素经济火灾发生率

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Isolation, identification and primary application of bacteria from putrid alkaline silica sol

Lijie REN,Ye HAN,Shuwen YANG,Xiqian TAN,Jin WANG,Xin ZHAO,Jie FAN,Ting DONG,Zhijiang ZHOU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 330-339 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1419-9

摘要： The putrefaction of alkaline silica sol was investigated in this paper. The total colony numbers in three alkaline silica sol samples were 1.47×10 , 1.25×10 , and 9.45×10 cfu·mL , respectively. The salt- and alkali-tolerant strains were isolated and selected using nutrient agar medium at 2.5% salinity and pH 9.5. Basic morphological, physiological and biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the preliminary characterizations of the strains. Based on API 50 CH test and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strains were finally identified as sp., sp., and . The survivability of the strains under different conditions such as salinities, acidities and temperatures was also studied. Some suitable methods for degerming, such as product pipe steam sterilization and regular canister cleaning, were proposed. To explore the possibility of isolates in industrial application, their alkaline protease and amylase production abilities were preliminarily studied. Five strains produced alkaline protease, whereas two strains produced alkaline amylase. Thus, understanding of the putrefaction on alkaline silica sol would be beneficial for improving industrial production.

关键词： putrid alkaline silica sol alkaliphile isolation and identification sterilization alkaline protease and alkaline amylase

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Behavior of steel fiber–reinforced high-strength concrete at medium strain rate

Chujie JIAO, Wei SUN, Shi HUAN, Guoping JIANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 131-136 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0027-0

摘要： Impact compression experiments for the steel fiber–reinforced high-strength concrete (SFRHSC) at medium strain rate were conducted using the split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB) testing method. The volume fractions of steel fibers of SFRHSC were between 0 and 3%. The experimental results showed that, when the strain rate increased from threshold value to 90 s , the maximum stress of SFRHSC increased about 30%, the elastic modulus of SFRHSC increased about 50%, and the increase in the peak strain of SFRHSC was 2-3 times of that in the matrix specimen. The strength and toughness of the matrix were improved remarkably because of the superposition effect of the aggregate high-strength matrix and steel fiber high-strength matrix. As a result, under impact loading, cracks developed in the SFRHSC specimen, but the overall shape of the specimen remained virtually unchanged. However, under similar impact loading, the matrix specimens were almost broken into small pieces.

关键词： steel fiber–reinforced high-strength concrete (SFRHSC) high strain rates split Hopkinson press bar (SHPB) strain rate hardening effects

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用齐夫定律解读教材词表——评Xiao et al. (2017)《基于语料库的小学英语认识率及教材选词策略研究》 Correspondence

Qiong HU, Ming YUE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第7期页码 863-866 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700418

摘要： Xiao et al. (2017)在对比分析4个语料库的基础上，提出国内小学六年级学生的识词率增长不能令人满意的观点，建议人教版小学英语通用教材总词汇在原有726个的基础上再增加903个，并删除twelfth（序数词，第十二）这样的低频词。作为外语教师和语言学家，我们赞同他们应用先进信息技术对传统词表进行评估的做法，但认为这项工作：1. 在构建参考语料库时需重视语料抽样的合理性；2. 在解读词频时需重视齐夫定律（Zipf’s law，即英语词频与词秩成反比）的作用——识字率增长随词汇量增加而减缓的情况是合理的；3. 在提出教材选词策略时，需考虑小学生认知特点和课业负担等现实因素限制，以及语言教育的总体目标，不能随便删除twelfth这样承载文化的词汇；4. 学龄儿童全国通用外语教材编写是项复杂的系统工程，需要各领域专家共同关注。

关键词：齐夫定律（Zipf’s law）；语料库；英语；教科书；词表

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244对有不良孕产史夫妇初次染色体断裂率检测结果分析

余宏亮,常明秀,曹恒海,薄立伟,王艳丽,吴艳红

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第5期页码 67-69

摘要：

为了了解有不良孕产史夫妇的染色体断裂率的发生情况，笔者对来河南省人口和计划生育科学技术研究院就诊的有不良孕产史夫妇的染色体断裂率分析的检查结果进行统计学分析。分析结果显示：男性患者的就诊年龄平均为29.07 岁，女性患者的就诊年龄平均为28.15 岁，年龄与染色体检测结果间无相关。男性患者中未发现断裂的占男性总数的32.38 %，女性患者中未发现染色体断裂的占女性总数的37.7 %；男性染色体断裂率为1 的占男性总数的38.11 %，女性染色体断裂率为1 的占女性总数的34.43 %；男性染色体断裂率为2 的占男性总数的21.72 %，女性染色体断裂率为2 的占女性总数的23.36 %；男性染色体断裂率为3 的占男性总数的7.79 %，女性染色体断裂率为3 的占女性总数的2.87 %；女性染色体断裂率为4 的占女性总数的0.82 %；女性染色体断裂率为6 的占女性总数的0.41 %；女性染色体断裂率为9 的占女性总数的0.41 %。男性患者的染色体断裂率均值无差别（P>0.05）。男、女患者的染色体断裂率均值在1.01，患者平均年龄为29.53 岁，经检查有染色体断裂占64.96 %。通过研究发现，染色体断裂率增高可能是引起夫妇中发生胎停、流产、胎儿发育不良等不良孕产现象的重要原因之一。

关键词：不育夫妇不良孕产染色体断裂率

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一种新型生物材料——玉米醇溶蛋白多孔支架的质量监控

张玥, 李伟迎, 兰润, 王瑾晔

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第1期页码 130-135 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.001

摘要：

我们之前的研究显示玉米醇溶蛋白具有良好的生物相容性和机械特性。由玉米醇溶蛋白多孔支架制成的第一个产品——一种可吸收的骨替代物，已经通过了国家食品药品监督管理总局医疗器械的生物学评价(ISO 10993)。然而，作为一种三类医疗器械，在其进入市场前需要进行质量监控，这些监控包括原材料的质量监控、灭菌方法的选择和生物相容性的评价。在本文中，我们通过氨基酸分析(AAA) 和十二烷基硫酸钠–聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE) 研究了四种玉米醇溶蛋白，来监控其组成和纯度，以控制原材料的质量。我们用SDS-PAGE 研究了三种灭菌方式对玉米醇溶蛋白多孔支架的影响，并比较了在不同γ 射线剂量下SDS-PAGE 图谱的变化。我们发现在剂量20~30 kGy 范围内，γ 射线灭菌过程中玉米醇溶蛋白的肽链没有发生断裂或聚合，这表明γ 射线灭菌对于玉米醇溶蛋白多孔支架是适用的。对于细胞相容性，我们发现使用MTT 实验和CCK-8 实验来评估玉米醇溶蛋白膜上细胞的增殖是有区别的，由于在CCK-8 实验中背景的吸光度差异较小，我们认为CCK-8 实验更为适合。

关键词：玉米醇溶蛋白氨基酸分析十二烷基硫酸钠&ndash 聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳 &gamma 射线灭菌 MTT 实验 CCK-8 实验

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基于语料库的小学英语认识率及教材选词策略研究 Article

Wen-yan XIAO,Ming-wen WANG,Zhen WENG,Li-lin ZHANG,Jia-li ZUO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第3期页码 362-372 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601118

摘要：词汇是语言学习中的基础任务之一，是语言学习者发展听、说、读、写语言技能的重要前提，在教材课文选择中要覆盖哪些词汇，是教材编写中的基本问题。针对这个问题，本文利用网络爬虫等技术构建英文网页语料库(EWC)，并进行词频分析；将EWC与英国国家语料库(BNC)进行词频对比分析，发现词频分布具有一定的时效性。通过我国目前小学英语教材词汇表与EWC, BNC, SUBTLEX-US，CBBC词频表的对比分析，给出了小学生在一般阅读时的英语词汇认识率，分析结果表明，小学生对一般语域和特定语域的词汇认识率都相对较低。通过这些定量分析，本文为我国小学英语教材编写提出了一些词汇选择方面的策略。

关键词：语料库；小学英语；认识率；词频；覆盖率

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Is tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility effective? a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial

Jie Pan, Zhengchao Shi, Dingsai Lin, Ningmin Yang, Fei Meng, Lang Lin, Zhencheng Jin, Qingjie Zhou, Jiansheng Wu, Jianzhong Zhang, Youming Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 43-50 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0706-8

摘要： An effective eradication therapy of ( ) should be used for the first time. In this study, we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than traditional therapy. We also evaluated the factors that cause treatment failure in high-resistance areas. For this multicenter trial, we recruited 467 -positive patients. The patients were randomly assigned to receive tailored triple therapy (TATT), tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TABQT), or traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (TRBQT). For the TATT and TABQT groups, antibiotic selection proceeded via susceptibility testing using an agar-dilution test. The patients in the TRBQT group were given amoxicillin, clarithromycin, esomeprazole, and bismuth. Successful eradication was defined as a negative C-urea breath test at least eight weeks after the treatment ended. Susceptibility testing was conducted using an agar-dilution test. The eradication rate was examined via intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole resistance rates were 26.12%, 28.69%, and 96.79%, respectively. Resistance against amoxicillin and furazolidone was rare. The eradication rates for TATT, TRBQT, and TABQT were 67.32%, 63.69%, and 85.99% in the ITT analysis ( <0.001) and 74.64%, 68.49%, and 91.22% in the PP analysis ( <0.001), respectively. The efficacy of TABQT was affected by clarithromycin resistance, and bismuth exerted a direct influence on TATT failure. TABQT was the most efficacious regimen for use in high-resistance regions, especially among clarithromycin-susceptible patients.

关键词： tailored triple therapy tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy traditional bismuth-containing quadruple therapy antibiotic susceptibility testing eradication rates

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流动电极微生物电合成提高产物生成速率及降低能量消耗 Article

褚娜, 王东麟, 王厚锋, 梁勤军, 常佳丽, 高瑜, 蒋永, 曾建雄

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 157-167 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.015

摘要：

微生物电合成（microbial electrosynthesis, MES）利用可再生电力驱动微生物固定CO₂合成化学品，在推进碳循环经济中具有一定潜力，受到广泛关注。但是，很少有研究通过高效反应器设计来促进产乙酸并降低能耗。本研究中，新型流动电极MES反应器的总产乙酸速率[(16 ± 1) g·m^₋₂·d⁻¹]比无粉末活性炭（powder activated carbon, PAC）对照[(8 ± 3) g·m⁻²·d⁻¹]高两倍。流动电极MES反应器的库伦效率为43.5% ± 3.1%，能量消耗为(0.020 ± 0.005) kWh·g⁻¹，产乙酸的能量效率为18.7% ± 1.3%。基于PAC的流动电极能够降低水跨膜通量、传质阻力，但是对装置电压、流变行为、乙酸吸附的影响较小。流动电极MES反应器中，能量代谢相关基因高表达，Acetobacterium的丰度增加。MES反应器中同时存在用于碳固定的还原性乙酰辅酶A途径（Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, WLP）与还原性三羧酸循环途径（reductive citric acid cycle, rTCA）。堆叠型流动电极MES中的乙酸浓度达7.0 g·L⁻¹。本研究提供一种构建可扩展MES反应器的新方法，促进CO₂利用以及产物生成。

关键词： CO₂利用生物阴极宏转录组微生物电化学技术胞外电子传递